Saturday, 23 July 2011

Insurance Law

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Insurance Law is a complex area which requires a good understanding of tort and contract before addressing the precise legislative environment which governs this industry. The Insurance Agents and Brokers Act, the Insurance Contracts Act and the Financial Services Reform Act impact heavily in this area.

Lawyers are often instructed to assist with a wide range of matters including policy drafting, policy revision, advice on policy wordings, acting on a wide range of claims, negotiating settlements or litigating matters. Where claims have not been properly assessed and quantified we rely upon LAC Loss Adjusters to do this.

We are available to assist with the following:

Agency and Broker Agreements
All Property claims
Aviation
Building Warranty
Business Interruption
Claims Management
Claims Resolution
Class/Representative Actions
Contractors All Risks
Directors’and Officers’Liability
Engineering
FSRA Compliance
Financial Claims (Burglary, Theft, Loss of Rent, Advance Profits)
Marine/P&I claims
Negligence Cases
Personal Accident and Sickness/Disability
Policy Drafting and Interpretation
Product Guarantee
Product Recall
Professional Indemnity
Public and Products’ Liability
Recoveries
Risk Management Strategies
Insurance - Disputed/Denied Claims

One of the most problematical areas in Insurance Law is the area of Disputed/Denied Insurance claims. Although there are a number of mechanisms to deal with contentious insurance claims many of them still end up either in a tribunal or court. We have appeared in the CTTT in New South Wales; VCAT in Victoria and the Local, District Court and Supreme Courts in NSW and the Magistrates, County and Supreme Courts in Victoria. We have acted in contentious matters where claims have been disputes, denied or are allegedly fraudulent. We have provided advice and acted for clients on contract works, engineering, legal liability, marine and all material damage or property classes of insurance. Whether claims are property or liability considerable expertise must be brought to bear to successfully resolve them. Property claims are the most frequent and may be categorised as follows:

Building and Building Warranty
Commercial
Corporate
Business Interruption
Domestic
Motor
Travel
The majority of our work in this field is advising clients on the operation of insurance policies and how the best outcome can be achieved. Whether a matter involves aviation claims, broker agreements, business interruption, property claims, financial claims, insurance fraud, insurance litigation, negligence cases, policy drafting, professional negligence, recoveries, risk management or statutory interpretation of various acts which operate in the insurance field, do not hesitate to contact LAC Lawyers for proper advice.

Insurance Claims

Although we get involved in a wide range of insurance matters one of the most frequent areas in which we are retained involves insurance claims. Interestingly we are approached by clients to represent them on both life and general insurance matters. All too often insurers refuse to pay claims based on the misapplication of the facts and material presented to them. Unfortunately they are often missing vital information because they are relying upon either investigators or loss adjusters who lack the requisite skill and experience to obtain all relevant facts allowing them to be put before the insurer. Alternatively the quality of claims staff is so poor or they have been given little opportunity to acquire the necessary skills to undertake their work properly. Irrespective the outcome is the same, the claim slows down and finally it is refused.

This problem is far more prevalent with general rather than with life insurance due to the frequency of claims made. Although many insurers have made substantial attempts to overcome this problem there are still some who frequently deny claims on an extremely tenuous basis. Unfortunately most solicitors have little knowledge of property damage claims and the methods adopted to secure information provided to insurers. Without this knowledge it makes it extremely difficult to properly advise clients whether insurer or insured. All insurance claims rely upon the validity of facts applied so that the policy can be properly applied to ascertain whether the claim fits within the terms and conditions of the policy. It does not matter whether you are dealing with domestic or commercial claims, irrespective of their size the same principles apply. The only real difference between the two categories is that the numbers are larger with commercial claims with consequential losses sometimes being covered by business interruption insurance.

For fire and general claims, irrespective whether domestic or commercial, problems are often encountered with the quantification of the loss. That is, in principle the insurer accepts that a genuine claim has been lodged but it is the assessment of quantum and the adjustment of it which causes the problems. They can start with simple problems of valuation through to large commercial losses irrespective of the type of entity involved where there has been substantial damage to a wide range of property and it has not been effectively dealt with. One of the major areas of concern for insurers and therefore insured's is the treatment of smoke-damaged plant and equipment. The question becomes – can it be effectively cleaned and or repaired such that the performance characteristics of it are not impaired. Of course the insurer will argue that it has been whereas the insured may not. A problematic area is encountered when dealing with repairers such as lift companies who always seem to take the view that nothing can be cleaned or repaired and therefore replacement is the only option available. Sometimes claims will be encountered where plant and equipment has been written off in the books of account of the relevant entity and it has been assessed as having no value including residual value. Irrespective how the problem arises it will always get back to what is the appropriate indemnity value which will cost you real money if you do not satisfy yourself as to what your legal entitlements are.

Most practitioners are unaware that there is a difference between personal sickness and accident policies and disability ones. The former is a general insurance product, the latter a life insurance one. Recently there has been an increase in the number of these claims which have been referred to our office. Normally they relate to the time at which the insurer was notified and whether or not the disability amounted to a pre-existing condition. These cases normally involve some complicated medical condition such as cancer, epilepsy or even Alzheimer's disease. Many of these claims are made under some form of group, life or disability scheme, which often causes problems for the insurer. Of particular importance here is the onset of the condition and just because an insurer refers an insured for medical assessment that does not always mean the matter is final because we have seen cases in which the medical assessment has failed to detect the condition at an early stage although there were symptoms present.



Our personnel have a long association with the insurance industry and we always strive for fairness and equity on our clients’ behalf. We give clear, concise advice on success prospects. We focus on achieving early resolution of disputes and where this is not possible litigation may be the only means left open to our clients.

In some cases alternative claims management strategies need to be considered which may assist to reduce cost whilst producing the proper outcome. All client instructions are welcome.

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Friday, 22 July 2011

Back Garden Gold Panning

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FAQ

What is back garden gold panning?

It's exactly what it says on tin, panning for gold in your back garden. Using material ('pay dirt' or 'panning concentrates') obtained from someone dredging and prospecting at a gold rich location and a gold pan you can search for gold in the comfort of your own home or garden. All you need is a gold pan, pay dirt and a big bowl of water to wash your pay dirt in the pan, separating out the lighter material and hopefully leaving behind the heavier gold.

Why do it?

Well, some people do it for fun, some parents buy panning concentrates for their kids as an interesting and educational activity, but back garden gold panning is also the best way for anyone new to panning to learn a thing or two about the basics before going into the field and trying gold panning for real.

Where can I buy gold pans?

A lot of the larger metal detector dealers in the UK stock the the Garrett gold pans and panning kits which are excellent value for money (the kit in particular, as it includes a book, a suction bottle and several pans etc. and should be available for a little less than £30) most of the larger dealers also sell via mail order, so you can buy over the phone, or in some cases, via the net.

Why buy gold panning concentrates?

Because you are pretty much guaranteed to find some gold in them, even though the amount is likely to be tiny. Before heading out into the field you need to be sure that you have developed a technique that works or you could be in for a very frustrating time. Many sellers of panning concentrates seed the bags of pay dirt with extra small amounts of gold, this makes the panning concentrates an even better training tool because they may add small flakes or nuggets as well as dust.

Where Can I buy Panning Concentrates?

eBay is a good source of panning concentrates, go to www.ebay.co.uk and search for 'gold panning concentrates' or 'gold panning dirt,' remember to search worldwide as most sellers of pay dirt are based in the US or Canada. Pay particular attention to postage and packing costs, getting the panning concentrates shipped to you can be an expensive business.

Gold Prospecting and Panning In The UK

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Almost all gold panning in the UK takes place in North Wales and Scotland.
If you want to take up panning and you live in the south east of England (for example), you will need to have a lot of free time and be prepared to do a lot of driving or, alternatively, take up back garden gold panning, it's less travel, less hassle and will give you a greater chance of actually finding some gold.
We should also be clear on one thing from the beginning; gold panning in the UK will not make you rich, if you are having to travel any great distance to get to areas that are worth panning you will not even cover your expenses, unless you are exceptionally lucky - and I mean a lottery jackpot level of lucky.
Most people who pan in this country do it for the love of the outdoors and the thrill of the hunt, very few (if any) do it for the money.

Gold Mines in Wales

The Clogau Gold Mine (sometimes known as the Clogau St David's Mine) was once the largest and richest mine of all the gold mines in the Dolgellau gold mining area. It is situated in Bontddu, near Barmouth, in Gwynedd, north-west Wales.

After producing copper and a little lead for quite a number of years, the mine developed into gold production in the 1862 'rush' and continued as a major operator until 1911 during which 165,031 tons of gold ore was mined resulting in 78,507 troy ounces (2,442 kg) of gold. It worked the St David's lode of Clogau mountain alongside the co-owned Vigra Mine. Since 1911 the mine has been re-opened several times for smaller scale operations. It last closed in 1998, but has been held by a local exploration company since 1999.

When in production the mine used a two-foot gauge railway.

Gwynfynydd Gold Mine at Dolgellau, Gwynedd, Wales, was discovered in 1860. It was active until 1998 and has produced 45,000+ troy ounces of Welsh gold since 1884. The mine, when open, was open to the public and provided guided tours which included the opportunity to pan for gold.

The mine closed because of Health and Safety issues and because of changing pollution control legislation which would have made the owners liable for the quality of the mine discharge into the River Mawddach had the mine remained open.

Gold Mines In Scotland

In 1984 a gold bearing quartz vein was discovered by the Irish firm Ennex International on the lower south eastern slopes of Beinn Chùirn just above Cononish Farm at Eas Anie. The company spent over £250,000 doing test drillings and were hopeful that the mine would be very productive. The gold, which is the most important deposit found in Scotland so far, occurs as minute particles inside Pyrite and Galena which in turn occur in the quartz vein. Despite claims that there are up to a million tonnes of ore present on the site which could produce five tonnes of gold and about 25 tonnes of silver, the location was only developed briefly as a mine in the 1990s.

In 1994, The Caledonian Mining Company acquired the mine with the intention of putting it into production, however the falling price of gold meant that such a small mine was uneconomic at the time. Higher gold prices in 2007 have led to renewed activity with Scotgold Resources purchasing the mine and applying to extend the lease and start mining again within two years, for a period of eight years. Permission to mine is yet to be granted by the Crown Estate who owns the rights to all gold in the UK and by the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.

Permission

Before panning anywhere you need to make sure you have the permission of the landowner (preferably in writing), but be careful, it is the owner of the riverbank whose permission you need, not the owner of the surrounding arable or pasture land. The mineral rights to the area may even belong to someone completely different to the landowner, so you really do need to take care.

Environmental Issues and Impact

Another area with many pitfalls. You need to ensure that your gold panning activities won't have an adverse effect on the local environment or you could find yourself being prosecuted Environment Agency, if you have any doubts or questions about an area you wish to pan contact them and ask them where you stand.

Calling All Gold Panners!

Are you a goldpanner in the UK? Do you you have a story to tell or do you want to share your experiences? email us we would love to hear from you!

UK Gold Panning Links

The Scottish Goldprospectors
Kit Andrews' Gold Prospecting blog, Kit is a UK based prospector with 30 years experience.

Other sources of precious metals in the UK

Silver has also been mined commercially in the UK, one mine on the island of Sark produced more than 25,000 ounces of silver:

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